iron

Ancient dagger overlaid on a classical cityscape with smoke and ruins.

A Complete History Of The Metals That Built Civilization: Copper, Tin, Bronze, Iron, And Steel Through The Ages

07/18/2025

Executive Summary Metal and mankind share an ancient covenant. Long before…

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Blacksmith forging metal with hammer in a rustic workshop.

A Complete History Of Iron: From The Ancient Era To Today

07/15/2025

Executive Summary This article details the complete history of iron from…

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Molten metal pouring in a steel foundry.

A History Of Iron In The Modern Era: From The First Locomotive To Hydrogen-Based Reduction

07/15/2025

Introduction For the past two centuries iron has been everywhere –…

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A History Of Iron In The Early-Modern Era: From African Currency To Cast-Iron Plow

07/15/2025

Introduction The early-modern era witnessed a transformation in iron supply and…

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Close-up of an ornate sword hilt and engraved blade.

A History Of Iron In The Middle Ages: From Japan’s Tatara Furnaces To Europe’s Munition Armor

07/15/2025

Introduction While the technology of iron smelting had already been known…

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Ancient silver bowl with detailed relief figures.

A History Of Iron In The Ancient Era: From Meteoric Curiosity To India’s Wootz Steel

07/15/2025

Introduction The discovery and mastery of iron fundamentally transformed human civilization,…

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A collection of iron hammers with the text '20 Things You Might Not Know About Iron' overlaid in white.

20 Things You Might Not Know About Iron

02/05/2017

For all time Iron has been an essential element of life…

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